暂缓献血人群进行行为干预效果的研究

Research on behavioral intervention in discontinued blood donors

目的通过对暂缓献血人群再次献血情况进研究,探索影响再次献血的影响因素,为指导针对性的开展干预活动,提供理论依据。方法将2015年7月-12月间来参加献血但由于某种原因,暂缓献血时间不超过3个月(含)的献血者,按月份分成两组,7-9月为对照组,10-12月为观察组,对观察组中的研究对象除进行现场宣教,并在暂缓期满前1周内进行电话沟通联系,进行相应的献血知识教育,而在对照组,不采取特别的措施。结果对照组中暂缓期满3个月内献血的比例为7.3%(121/1 658),观察组中暂缓期满3个月内献血的比例为37.5%(774/2 064)。女性献血者再次献血的比例(27.2%)显著高于男性(22.0%);不同年龄段中,在对照组随着年龄增高,暂缓期满3个月内献血率逐步增高,46-60岁年龄组最高,达到12.1%;而在观察组,随着年龄增高,暂缓期满3个月内献血率逐步下降,18-25岁年龄组的再次献血的比例最高为45.1%;随着受教育程度的增高,无论是对照组还是观察组,暂缓期满3个月内献血的比例均出现了增高的趋势,其中受教育程度为大专及大本段比例为最高,在对照组为10.9%,而观察组为46.8%。除了研究生及以上组观察组和对照组无统计学差别外,其余各类别,献血的比例都有显著性的差异。结论把35周岁以下年龄组的暂缓献血者作为目标人群进行心理干预,效果最为理想,对女性的干预效果好于男性。

Objective To explore the factors for discontinued blood donors to donate blood again,and to provide guidelines to carry out targeted interventions.Methods Blood donors who were informed to come back and donate in three months were separated into two period groups： July 1st to September 30th（ control） and October 1st to December 31st（ observation）. Subjects in the observation group were given instructions during blood donation,and were called back about blood donation one week before the three month period was completed. No behavioral intervention occurred to subjects in the control group. Results In the control group,blood donors who returned to donate comprised 7. 3%（ 121/1658） of total,and the observation group comprised 37. 5%（ 774/2 064）. The proportion of female donating blood again（ 27. 2%） was significantly higher than males（ 22. 0%）. With the increase of age,blood donation rate gradually increased,among them,the highest was found in 46-60 years old age group at 12. 1%. On the contrary,in the observation group,with increasing age,blood donation rate declined. The 18 to 25 years old age group had the highest percentage at 45. 1%. The higher the level of education,the higher the rate of blood donation. The group which received college education has the highest percentage of blood donation. In the control group,the proportion of those with higher education was 10. 9%,while the observation group had46. 8%. Conclusion Individuals around the age 35 should be our target population for behavioral intervention. Women are more likely than men to be influenced by the intervention.