缩短国内术前禁食禁饮时间的探讨研究

Study on Shortening the Time of Fasting Before Operation in China

近年来国际新的禁食禁饮指南提出术前禁食禁饮可缩短至择期手术前2小时,但国内外科及麻醉医生对于放宽禁食禁饮时限仍保持谨慎态度。现针对缩短国内成人及小儿患者的术前禁食禁饮时间的方法及可行性进行探讨研究。国外大量研究证明术前2~3小时予以择期手术患者饮用含碳水化合物的清凉液体饮料,并不增加患者术前胃残余量,不增加反流误吸风险,并且显著降低胰岛素抵抗,机体急性应激反应,减少术前焦虑、术后恶心的发生,可以提高患者舒适度与满意度。缩短术前禁食禁饮时间理论在国内应得到推广使用。

Recently domestic surgery and anesthesia physician are anxious about the new guideline that patients can fast 2 hours before surgery, so the new fasting guidelines is not actively promoted. This article aims to discuss the methods and the applicability of shorten the preoperative fasting time.Abroad, a large number of studies have shown that encouraging patients to drink clear liquids beverages containing carbohydrates up to 2-3 hours before their scheduled surgery or procedure requiring anesthesia, did not increase the gastric residual volume of preoperative patients and the rate of aspiration, significantly decrease insulin resistance and the acute stress reaction, the occurrence of preoperative anxiety and postoperative nausea is reduced, in addition this protocol can improve patients＇ comfort and satisfaction. A large number of clinical practice should be performed to promote the new fasting guideline.