两步辐射接枝法制备抗熔滴涤纶织物

Anti-dripping PET Fabrics Prepared by Two Steps Radiation-induced Grafting

以涤纶(PET)为基材,利用两步γ辐射接枝法在PET织物表面依次引发甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)/二乙烯苯(DVB)和乙烯基磷酸二甲酯(DMVP)接枝共聚,制备了新型抗熔滴PET织物.接枝率随吸收剂量和单体浓度的增加而增加,随剂量率增加而下降.傅里叶红外(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热重分析(TGA)的分析结果表明在PET织物上成功引入目标接枝聚合物.相比PET织物,辐射改性PET织物的拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率均有所提高.通过引入交联网状结构以及促进成炭的含磷接枝聚合物,PET织物的抗熔滴特性得到了明显改善,燃烧过程中平均产生一滴熔滴的时间:PET为3.0 s/n,PET接枝PGMA/DVB后延长为17.0 s/n,而进一步接枝PDMVP后在整个燃烧过程中均不产生熔滴.这种新型的方法有望用于PET织物防护服抗熔滴性能的改善.

Novel anti-dripping polyethylene terephthalate （PET） fabrics were successfully prepared by two-step gamma radiation-induced grafting polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate （GMA）/divinylbenzene （DVB） and dimethyl vinylphosphonate （DMVP） onto the surface of PET fabrics. The grafting yield increased with the increase of absorbed dose; under the absorbed dose of 21 kGy and 200 kGy, it reached 105.9% and 10.2% for GMA/DVB and DMVP, respectively. Similarly, it was noted that the grafting yield increased with monomer concentration while decreased with the dose rate. Moreover, it was confirmed by FTIR, XPS and TGA analyses that PET fabrics had been successfully modified. FTIR result showed the characteristic vibration absorption peaks of epoxy group and P-O for modified PET at 905 and 1041 cm-1, respectively. Through XPS, the characteristic peaks of phosphorus were recognized, including P2s and P2p. TGA experiment indicated that after PDMVP grafting, thermal stability of the fabric was enhanced by the introduced phosphorus and also the formed protecting carbon layer. Compared with original PET fabrics, the tensile strength of modified PET fabrics was increased by 0.79 kN/m and 0.82 kN/m for grafting of PGMA/DVB and PDMVP, and their elongation at break increased by 11.68% and 9.69%, respectively. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of modified PET fabrics were improved at a certain extent. Additionally, the performance of anti-dripping was improved remarkably after radiation modification due to the introduction of crosslinking network and phosphoruscontaining PDMVP chain. The time of per droplet generation during the combustion of PET was 3.0 s/n, and that of PET-g-PGMA/DVB was 17.0 s/n; there was no droplet after further grafting of PDMVP. The morphologies of PET fabrics before and after radiation modification as well as after combustion were observed by SEM and it was found that the modified PET fabrics by grafting of PGMA/DVB and PDMVP retained the fabric structure after combustion.