美国版权法中数字图书馆合理使用规则及对我国立法的启示

American Copyright Law on Digital Library's Fair Use Rule and Its Inspirations for Chinese Legislation

由于《版权法》中数字图书馆合理使用的规则不同,行为方式相同的"谷歌数字图书馆侵权案"在中美两国产生了不同的判决结果。美国《版权法》具有设置了图书馆专用法条、另设原则性合理使用条款、重视公共利益、抑制垄断但绝不打压技术进步等优点,但其也存在适用的主观性强、修订滞后等缺点。我国《著作权法》则存在缺乏图书馆为用户提供资源的条款、行政法规和部门规章同母法不协调、列举式模式过于僵化和判断标准的缺失抑制技术的开发与应用、合理使用空间过于狭窄、提供证据的规定缺乏操作性等问题,而《著作权法(修订草案送审稿)》有所修改但依然存在问题。针对存在的问题,《送审稿》相关条款可进行相应的修改。

Due to the differences in fair use rule of digital libraries in the Copyright Law, Google Digital Library＇s infringement case, Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc., receives different rulings in the U.S. and China. American Copyright Law has designed specific statutes applying to libraries as well as clauses in principle pertain to fair use, and it emphasizes public interest, restricts monopoliza- tion and by no means curbs technological advancement. But there are also disadvantages such as strong subjectivity and delaying revision. By contrast, although it has been revised to some extent, the Copyright Law in China has seen its drawbacks in： lack of clauses in libraries＇ service of providing users resources, discrepancy between original law and its administrative statues and divisional regulations, a rigid enumeration pattern, lack of judgement criteria which retain development and application of technology, inadequate room for fair use, and lack of operability in the rules of evidence providing. On the basis of those problems, this article proposed some revision suggestions.