神经类固醇激素与焦虑症及抑郁症等精神疾病关系的研究进展

Relationship between neurosteroids and neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression:research advances

在中枢神经系统中,神经类固醇激素在胶质细胞内由胆固醇经过一系列酶促反应合成,主要包括脱氢表雄酮、孕烯醇酮、孕酮和四氢孕酮等,通过与γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体结合而发挥抗焦虑和抗抑郁样行为学效应,其中神经类固醇激素对机体内环境的稳态具有重要作用。本文就神经类固醇激素的合成、代谢,以及神经类固醇对焦虑症和抑郁症等应激反应的调控作用做一综述,并对相关机制进行探讨。

Neurosteroids are synthesized from cholesterol within the microglia of the central nervous system. They are classi？fied as dehydroepiandrosterone,progesterone,pregnenolone,allopregnanolone and other peripheral steroids. Neurosteroids such as al？lopregnanolone are positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors and exert anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavior. Neuroac？tive steroids play a significant role in neurodevelopment in terms of internal environment homeostasis. This paper reviews the biosynthe？sis,metabolism regulatory effect on the response to stress and therapeutic potentials of neurosteroids.