二战前后美国大学化学学科的快速崛起及其原因

The Rise of the Chemistry Discipline in American Universities Around World War Ⅱ and Its Causes

二战前后是美国大学化学学科改变落后地位并迅速崛起的关键时期,大型化学实验室和综合性科学实验室得以创建、新的学术领域持续拓展、前沿性学术成果不断涌现。在短短的20年间,美国大学便取代德国大学成为新的世界化学学术中心。美国大学化学学科快速崛起的过程中,德国流亡学者的大量涌入发挥了前所未有的作用,社会力量和学术领导者也为学科发展贡献了巨大的力量。二战前后美国大学化学学科的崛起历程,对我国世界一流大学和世界一流学科建设战略的开展有着较为现实的借鉴价值。

It was a critical period that the chemistry discipline of universities in the United States changed its backward status and rose rapidly around the World War II. Through this period, many large-scale comprehensive laboratories were established, the academic field was broadened, and numbers of pioneering achievements sprung up. Within twenty years, Germany＇s position as the center of chemistry discipline had been replaced by the United States. In the process, the intellectual refugees of Germany played an unprecedented role, as did social support and academic leaders. Only by examining the affecting factors of the speedy development of chemistry discipline in America, can we better facili- tate the practice of building up top universities and first-class disciplines under way.