二战时期德国流亡学者向美国大学的转移及其学术贡献

The Germen Refugee Intellectuals' Transition to American Universities During World War Ⅱ and Their Academic Contributions

二战时期,受纳粹德国"文化清洗运动"的影响,一大批优秀学者被驱逐出德国大学,被迫流亡异域。在这场学术流亡潮中,成百上千的德国学者辗转移居美国,并被美国大学接收。得益于美国大学优越的学术环境,这批流亡学者较为顺利地度过了适应期,进而在各自学术领域开展了卓有成效的工作,并在很大程度上促成了美国大学物理学、化学、数学以及经济学、社会学、心理学等多个学科领域的繁荣,为美国大学成长为世界学术中心起到了重要的推动作用。

During World War II, numerous excellent intellectuals fled from Nazi Germany to different countries, due to the Cultural Cleansing Movement launched by Nazi regime, which expelled many scholars out of German universities. Eventually, hundreds of them immigrated to the United States and were accepted by American universities. Benefiting from the superior academic environment of American universities, these refugee scholars adjusted well to American society and then started their fruitful careers in different fields. As a result, the German intellectuals contributed a lot to the prosperity of physics, chemistry, mathematics, economics, sociology, psychology and many other disciplines in American universities and played an important role in the American universities growing up to the world academic center.