半殖民地中国“假洋鬼子”的文学构型

The Literary Configuration of the“Fake Foreign Devil”in Semi-colonial China

"假洋鬼子"是半殖民地中国的伴生物,与中国现代社会文化的复杂性紧密相关,它是透视中国现代文化转型意愿与矛盾的一面镜子。文学中的"假洋鬼子"形象可分为喜剧型、悲剧型和悲喜剧混杂型三种,并经历了以下嬗变:从"中西合污的纨绔子弟",到"新旧彷徨的求新变异者",到"身份犹疑的留学生",再到"挟洋自重的市侩洋奴"。"假洋鬼子"的文学构型是以半殖民地社会为基础背景,以文化身份为重点,沿着身体身份、民族身份、社会身份这三个维度展开。在辫子与思想启蒙、乔装与身份认同、权势与复制时光等表述上,"假洋鬼子"文学形象有其独特分析透视价值。这一文学形象隐含着半殖民地知识分子特殊的生命境遇、尴尬的身份、变异的文化心态,从中折射出中国现代文化建构中的曲折与困境。以科学、批判的眼光,深入分析"假洋鬼子"文学形象,对于确立文化自信和重建中国新文化具有重要意义。

As a byproduct of semi-colonial China,the'fake foreign devil'was closely related to the complicacy of modern Chinese social culture,and reflected the wishes and symptoms of modern Chinese culture in transition.In literature,'fake foreign devils'can be divided into three types:the comic,the tragic and he tragicomic,and their image evolved from the'playboys mired in Chinese and Western depravity'to'pioneers of enlightenment hesitating between the old and the new'and'students studying abroad with indeterminate identities,'and thence to'highly priced slaves to foreigners boasting of their foreign connections.'Taking a semi-colonial society as its basic background,the unfolding image of the'fake foreign devil'was centered on cultural identity,flanked by the three dimensions of physical identity,national identity and social identity.The representation of the pigtail and intellectual enlightenment,of disguise and identification,and of power and reproduction of the era demonstrate the unique literary value of the image of the'fake foreign devil.'Implicit in this literary configuration were the particular life situation,awkward identity and aberrant cultural psychology of semi-colonial intellectuals,reflecting unavoidable setbacks,disputes and difficulties awkwardness in the construction of modern Chinese culture.To deeply analyze the literary image of the'fake foreign devil'with a scientific and critical eye is significant for the building of cultural confidence and the re-building of new Chinese culture.