《说文》小篆与秦刻石篆文字形之差异

A Study on the Differences Between Small Seal Script and Qin Seal Script:Taking Qin Stone Inscriptions as an Example

秦篆是《说文》小篆的重要来源之一,秦刻石文字保存了秦篆的历史面貌。《说文》小篆与秦篆存在字形差异,将其进行比较,能够体现《说文》的收字原则与编纂精神。在构形层面,《说文》和秦篆之间具有构形优化、构形简化等差异,体现出《说文》构形系统的制约。在构意层面,《说文》和秦篆之间具有构意凸显、构意分化、理据重构等差异,体现出《说文》对汉字表意性的强化与坚持。《说文》小篆和秦篆的异同状况反映出《说文》形体来源的现实性和复杂性,体现出《说文》形体优选的内在规律,证实了《说文》形义系统的存在。

Small seal script is mainly based on the Qin Seal script, which is preserved on Qin stone in- scriptions. There exist differences between the small seal script of Shuowen and the Qin Seal script. The com- parison of the two reveals the principle of character collection and compilation in Shuowen. In the aspect of con- figuration, optimization, simplification, and minor discrimination of graph forms demonstrate the restriction on Small Seal script of Shuowen by its configuration system. In the aspect of form-meaning relation, the salience and differentiation of meaning reflected by graphic form and reconfiguration of motivation show the intensification and persistence of Chinese characters＇ ideographic nature. The similarities and differences of small seal script in Shuowen and the Qin Seal script reflect the reliability as well as complexity of graphic form in Shuowen. The comparison shows the inner rule of optimization of graphic forms and confirms the existence of the form-meaning system in Shuowen.