18所三甲医院专科护士糖尿病预防性干预的知信行调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the nursing“knowledge-belief-practice”condition on carrying out the preventive intervention in the 18 Third-level Grade-A hospitals

目的探讨糖尿病预防性干预的护理现状及其影响因素,为针对性开展糖尿病患者预防性干预工作提供科学的理论依据。方法采用方便抽样法,应用自行设计的问卷,对河北省18所三甲综合医院内分泌科在岗且有护士执业证书的282名护理人员进行调查。结果护理人员糖尿病预防性知识平均得分为(5.68±1.13)分,不同文化程度、不同职称护士知识得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同工作年限、不同年龄的护士知识得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随文化程度的提高、年龄的增加、职称的升高、工作年限的延长,护士预防性知识水平均呈提高趋势。护士对糖尿病预防性干预作用的自评得分为(8.28±1.44)分,对预防性干预患者依从性得分为(5.07±1.39)分;护士实施预防性干预行为中,占比由高到低依次为:用药指导、饮酒、吸烟、健康宣讲、控制体质量、运动、血糖监测及饮食指导、心理疏导。结论护理人员对糖尿病预防性干预工作的认知情况良好,并对患者实施了多方位健康行为指导,但预防性干预知识水平偏低、行为指导力度不均衡和患者依从性较差是工作开展的薄弱点。

Objective To investigate the present condition of the nursing service on carrying out preventive intervention for diabetes patients and to analyze the problems and the factors influencing preventive intervention, then to carry out the targeted preventive intervention of diabetes. Methods The interview outline and questionnaires were designed on the basis of the literature research and expert consultation. We choose 282 nurses in endocrinology with nurse practice certificate and voluntary cooperation from 18 general third-level of Hebei province as the research objects by the un-random sampling method. Results The knowledge score of nurses was （5.68±1.13） points on average. There was a statistically significant（P〈0. 05） difference of knowledge scores between the different education degree nurses, and the different professional titles nurses, among which the masters＇ average knowledge score and the association chief nurses were highest. The result of the variance analysis on knowledge score of nurses with different nursing work experience and different age showed statistically significant（P〈0.05）. And with the increasing in education, age, title and length of work, the prevention knowledge score of nurses has the tendency to increase. The average self-assessment score of the function of preventive intervention of diabetes patients was（8.28± 1.44 ） points, and the self-assessment score of the compliance of preventive intervention; for diabetes patients was（5.07± 1.39） points. From high to low the individualized directed for patients are having medication, drinking behavior, smoking behavior, health mission, the weight loss plan, exercise program, blood sugar monitoring programme, the weight loss plan and dietary therapy and psychogical counseling. Conclusion The awareness of nurses service for prophylactic intervention of diabetes was in good condition, and implemented guidance for the patienfs health behavior, but there are still some weak points such as the grasping condition of preventive intervention knowledge was poor, the efforts of guidance was uneven, and the patient compliance was poor, which are the major influence factors of nursing work.