中等职业教育发展的均衡性与效率性实证检验——基于省际面板数据的分析

An Empirical Test on Balance and Efficiency of Secondary Vocational Education Development in China——Based on the Analysis of Provincial Panel Data

通过对我国31个省份中等职业教育发展数据统计分析,发现虽然近十几年中职教育发展迅速,但在区域均衡性和效率性方面存在一些问题:均衡性方面,中部地区财力、物力严重匮乏,西部地区专任教师队伍有待加强;中西部发展滞后,但增速较快;人均教育资源收敛性显著,地区差异缓慢缩小。效率性方面,低效率地区普遍存在着教育辅助人员投入过度;经济发达地区财力、物力投入偏多,但高级职称专任教师利用效率不高;西部地区学校占地面积相对较大,但高级职称专任教师明显不足。为促进中等职业教育均衡发展,需要制定生均经费标准,加强师资队伍建设,促进毕业生更高质量就业,搭建资源共享平台等。

With the statistical analysis of the data of secondary vocational education in 31 provinces in China, it is found that although the secondary vocational education has achieved rapid development in recent years, there are still problems in the perspective of regional balance and efficiency. In terms of balance, the financial and material resources in central regions are seriously lacking and the construction of full-time teachers in westeru regions are to be reinforced. The development of central and western regions is lagging behind; however, the growth rate is higher, and the convergence of education resources per capita is remarkable and the regional differences are slowly being narrowed. In terms of efficiency, there are common problems in low efficiency areas such as excessive education auxiliary personnel; financial and material resources input in developed areas are superabundant, while the efficiency of senior title of professional full-time teachers is not high; the size of schoolyard in western regions is relatively big, while the number of professional full-time teachers with senior title is insufficient. In order to promote the balanced development of secondary vocational education, it is a necessity to formulate student funding standards, strengthen the construction of teaching staff, promote higher quality employment of the graduates, and build a resource sharing platform.