政府信息获取权及其限制——《政府信息公开条例》第13条评析

The Right of Access to Government Information and Its Restrictions:Comment on the Article 13 of the Regulation on the Disclosure of Government Information

《政府信息公开条例》第13条具有补充政府信息主动公开不足和预防行政相对人获取权滥用之旨意。对作为具有实体性权利的政府信息获取权限制,体现在"自身"、"生产、生活和科研等"和"特殊需要"三个方面。行政相对人要实现政府信息获取权,就必须借助于作为程序性权利的申请权。一个合法的申请权必须符合"申请人"、"意思表示"和"到达行政机关"三个要件。基于中国当下现状,保留对政府信息获取权的限制是必要的,但将来在条件合适时仍应当取消。

The article 13 of the regulation on the disclosure of government Information has the intention to supplement the active disclosure of the government information and to prevent the abuse of the right of access to government information. The restriction of the right of access to government information as a substantive right is embodied in three aspects： personal rights; the needs for production,life and scientific research; particular needs. However the administrative counterpart must use the procedural right to apply to realize the substantive right of access to government information. The quality of the right to apply must be complied with the following three elements： applicant,meaning representation and arrival at the administrative organs. It is necessary to retain the restrictions on the access to government information in consideration of the present situation of China. But these restrictions should be abolished in the future with the change of the background.