纳粹统治时期德国法律史学的源流、变迁与影响——以价值与方法的“连续性”为视角

The Origin,Change and Influence of German Legal Historiography during the Nazi Period

纳粹时期的德国法学经历了一个全面而系统的"历史化"改造过程,即所谓的"法律更新"运动,其基本特征是以政治想象之中的日耳曼-德意志传统取代位于法律现实幕后的罗马法传统。法律史学在这一改造的过程中发挥了至关重要的作用,掌握学术话语权的法律史学者有组织地参与到价值再评判与方法论重构的过程当中,形成了一套针对实证主义法学的具有强烈批判性的理论,并对所有部门法产生了辐射性的影响。这些理论与纳粹的政治话语相裹挟,在战后很长的一段时间里为学者所讳言,但无可否认的是,其中蕴涵的批判性并未湮灭,而是以另外的形式存在于当代德国以及欧盟的政治思维与法律实践之中。

German jurisprudence had experienced a comprehensive and systematic process of historicization during the Nazi period,namely the Rechtserneurung movement. Its basic character was to replace the traditional method of Roman law behind the legal reality with the political imagination of Nordic German tradition. Legal history had played a vital role in the process of this transformation. The scholars,who occupied the academic authorities,had actively participated in the process of value re-assessment and methodological reconstruction,built a set of critical theory which was strongly against the legal positivism. The theory was mixed with the ideology of Nazi,which was ignored after a long period of time for scholars after World War Ⅱ. However,the critical essence of the theory still existed,with another form,in contemporary Germany and the EU’s political thought and legal practice.