俄国斯托雷平改革思想评析

Stolypin's Reform Ideas

对斯托雷平改革的研究经历了阶级视角、还原真相和思想视角三个阶段,学者们终于认识到思想对行为的支配作用。斯托雷平改革是在思想泛滥的社会条件下展开的,他一方面通过民族法制国家的建立对恣意妄为的社会进行规范,另一方面还要通过土地改革建立公民法律意识。斯托雷平把俄国专制制度和东正教意识当作俄国的宝贵财富,并试图通过宗教改革点燃俄罗斯人民的信仰火炬,把俄国引上理性和真理的道路,其行为具有保守主义思想性质。然而,俄国东正教会的"凯撒化"让人们丧失了独立判断的能力,依托沙皇尼古拉二世支持的改革因尼古拉二世的利益纠葛而夭折,俄国重现冲天革命。直到普京执政提出保守主义意识形态,斯托雷平改革思想才重放异彩。

The study on Stolypin Reform has experienced three stages of class perspective,restoring historical truth and thought perspective,and finally scholars came to realize that thought dominates over human behavior.Stolypin Reform was undertaken in the context of unconscionable thought.On the one hand,he tried to regulate the unconscionable society through the establishment of nation-state under rule of law,on the other hand.Stolypin wanted to raise the legal consciousness of citizen through the land reform.He had taken the Russian autocracy and the Orthodox consciousness as a valuable assets,and he also wanted to light the belief torch in Russians by the reformation and lead Russia on the path of reason and truth.His activity had conservative ideological nature.Stolypin’s thoughts of reform has been renewed attention when president Putin put forward conservative ideology.