土壤耕层重构对棉田杂草的控制效果研究

Study of restructuring soil layers on weeds control in cotton fields

[目的]明确土壤耕层重构技术对棉田杂草的防治效果,探索新的棉田杂草防治途径。[方法]采用盆栽模拟试验与大田对比试验,调查旋耕+除草剂、土壤耕层重构对杂草种类与数量的影响。[结果]盆栽试验结果显示,处理后20d与55d对照杂草种类分别为6种与9种,总鲜重为每盆83.5g与678.1g;旋耕+除草剂处理杂草种类分别为3种与9种,总鲜重为4.9g与452.9g,其中处理20d后均为阔叶杂草,处理55d后阔叶杂草鲜重与对照差异不显著,单子叶杂草鲜重显著低于对照;耕层重构处理2次调查均未发现杂草。大田试验结果中,苗期、初花期与收获期对照杂草种类分别为4种、6种与8种,鲜重分别为104.4g·m^(-2)、404.9g·m^(-2)、752.9g·m^(-2),苗期以阔叶杂草为主,初花期与收获期单子叶杂草增多;耕层重构处理3次调查均仅发现微量杂草。[结论]以上结果表明,旋耕+除草剂对棉花苗期的禾本科杂草与部分阔叶杂草有一定的防治效果,随着时间延长,杂草防治效果逐渐降低,而土壤耕层重构处理对所有棉田杂草具有一次性彻底灭除效果,减少除草剂污染,节省用工。土壤耕层重构是一种棉田杂草防治的新途径。

[Objective]This study aims to identify the effects of restructuring soil layers on weeds control and explore new method to prevent weeds.[Method]Pot experiments and field experiments were conducted in which weeds species and amounts of rotary tillage adding herbicides and restructuring soil layers were investigated.[Results]In the pot experiment at 20 dand 55dafter treatment 6and 9weeds species were observed and the fresh weight per pot were 83.5g and 678.1g respectively for CK.For rotary tillage adding herbicides treatment,3and 9weeds species were observed and the fresh weight per pot were 4.9g and 452.9g respectively.And at 20 dafter treatment there were only broadleaf weeds,at 55 dafter treatment the fresh weight of broadleaf weeds was similar with CK but for gramineous weeds it was significantly lower than CK.For the treatment of restructuring soil layers there was no weeds observed.In the field experiment 4,6and 8weeds species were observed in seedling stage,initial bloom stage and harvest stage,and the fresh weight were 104.4g·m（-2）,404.9g·m（-2） and 752.9g·m（-2） respectively,and in seedling stage broadleaf was dominant but in initial bloom stage and harvest stage gramineous weeds increased.There was little weeds for restructuring soil layers in the three stages.[Conclusion]The results showed that rotary tillage adding herbicides was effective to control gramineous weeds and some broad leaf weeds in cotton seedling stage,but the effects decreased gradually.Restructuring soil layers eliminated weeds completely,decreased herbicides pollution,and saved labors.Restructuring soil layers was a new method to weeds control.