十个山西小麦品种在晋中麦区的生长发育特性及产量品质性状分析

The analysis of growth characteristics and yields and qualities traits of ten wheat varieties from Shanxi wheat region in Jinzhong area

[目的]研究10个山西小麦品种在晋中麦区的生长发育特性及产量品质性状。[方法]以5个山西南部育成的优质小麦品种晋麦54、晋麦61、晋麦72、晋麦73、晋麦79和5个山西省农科院谷子研究所育成的小麦品种长麦4640、长麦6359、长麦8302、长麦6686、长麦6135为供试材料,同时与山西农业大学育成品种山农129作比较,调查其在晋中冬麦区晚播后的植株农艺性状、籽粒产量及品质性状。[结果]长麦品种生长快,分蘖能力强,干物质积累多,抗寒性好;晋麦品种的次生根数多。10个品种的籽粒产量均低于对照,而部分品质性状优于对照。采用聚类分析将11个小麦品种进行分类,晋麦72为高蛋白(蛋白质含量≥14.00%)、高湿面筋(湿面筋含量≥32.00%)、高产(产量>6 300kg·hm^(-2))品种,晋麦79为高蛋白、高湿面筋、中产(4 050~5 000kg·hm^(-2))品种,长麦8302为高蛋白、中湿面筋(30.00%~32.00%)、中产品种,长麦6686为高蛋白、高湿面筋、低产(湿面筋含量<2 500kg·hm^(-2))品种,晋麦54为高蛋白、低湿面筋(湿面筋含量<30.00%)、中产品种,山农129为中蛋白(13.20%~14.00%)、低湿面筋、高产品种,长麦6359和晋麦61为中等蛋白、低湿面筋、低产品种,长麦6135和晋麦73为低蛋白(蛋白质含量<13.20%)、低湿面筋、中产品种,长麦4640为低蛋白、低湿面筋、低产品种。[结论]晋麦72、晋麦79、长麦8302可以针对性提高山西晋中地区小麦植株的生态适应性及籽粒的品质性状。

[Objective]The growth characteristics,yields and qualities traits of ten wheat varieties which were from Shanxi wheat region were studied in Jinzhong wheat area.[Methods]In eleven tested wheat varieties,the five wheat varieties with Jinmai 54,Jinmai 61,Jinmai72,Jinmai73 and Jinmai79were bred from the southern of Shanxi,the else five wheat varieties with Changmai 4640,Changmai 6359,Changmai 8302,Changmai 6686 and Changmai 6135 were bred from Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Millet＇s,the control variety was Shannong 129 which was bred by Shanxi Agricultural University.These varieties were planted in Jinzhong winter wheat region.Their plant agronomic traits,grain yields and quality traits were investigated.[Results]Changmai varieties grew fast,and had strong tillering ability,more dry matter accumulation quantity,and good winter resistance.Jinmai varieties had more secondary root numbers.Grain yield of ten wheat varieties were lower than the control while some quality traits were better than the control.the eleven wheat varieties were classified by cluster analysis,Jinmai 72 was higher-protein（≥14.00%）,higher-gluten（≥32.00%）and higher-yield（6 300kg·hm（-2））.Jinmai 79 was higher-protein,highergluten and middle-yield（4 050-5 000kg·hm（-2））.Changmai 8302 was higher-protein,middle-gluten（30.00% -32.00%）and middle-yield.Changmai 6686 was higher-protein,higher-gluten and lower-yield（2 500kg·hm（-2））.Jinmai 54 was higher-protein,lower-gluten（30.00%）and middle-yield.Shannong 129 was middle-protein（13.20%-14.00%）,lower-gluten and higher-yield.Changmai 6359 and Jinmai 61 were middle-protein,lower-gluten and loweryield.Changmai 6135 and Jinmai 73 were lower-protein（13.20%）,lower-gluten and middle-yield.Changmai 4640 was lower-protein,lower-gluten and lower-yield.[Conclusion]Jinmai 72,Jinmai 79,Changmai 8302 can be targeted to improve the ecological adaptability and grain qualities of Jinzhong wheat varieties.