长期培肥对采煤塌陷矿区土壤AM真菌多样性的影响

Effects of long term fertilization on soil AM fungal diversity in coal mining subsidence area

[目的]以采煤塌陷矿区复垦土壤为研究对象,通过连续培肥7a研究施肥处理对土壤丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza)真菌多样性的影响。[方法]采用湿筛倾注-蔗糖离心法对培肥7a后土壤AM真菌孢子进行提取分离和统计。[结果]存在于该矿区复垦土壤的AM真菌共3属9种,其种属的频度、相对多度、重要值的大小顺序依次为:球囊霉属(Glomus)>内养囊霉属(Entrophospora)>无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora);在球囊霉属(Glomus)中,缩球囊霉(Glomus constrictum)、地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)3种出现的频度、相对多度最大。[结论]不同施肥处理对土壤AM真菌孢子总数、丰度等影响显著。长期施用无机肥组处理(无机肥+菌肥、无机肥)比有机肥组处理(有机肥+菌肥、有机肥+无机肥+菌肥、有机肥+无机肥、有机肥)显著地减小了土壤AM真菌的多样性,无机肥处理主要是减小了土壤双型球囊霉(Glomus ambisporum)、聚丛球囊霉(Glomus aggregatum)和细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata)3种AM真菌,也即有机肥处理土壤的AM真菌相对丰度和重要值最高,其中缩球囊霉(Glomus constrictum)是本矿区玉米根际的优势菌种。

[Objective]In this paper,we studied the influence of different fertilizer treatments on the diversity of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhiza（AM）Fungi after seven consecutive years of fertilization in reclamation soil of coal mining subsidence area in Xiangyuan county,Shanxi Province.[Methods]The AM fungal spores were extracted and separated by using the wet sieve pouring sucrose centrifugation approach.[Results]In the experiment,three genus and nine species of AM Fungi were detected after continuous fertilization for seven years in the reclamation soil of coal mining subsidence area.The quantities of AM fungi frequency,relative abundance and importance varied as follows：GlomusEntrophosporaAcaulospora;Of the Glomus genus,the highest frequency and the relative abundance were observed in Glomus versiforme,Glomus mosseae,and Glomus constrictum.Different fertilizer treatments significantly affected the total number and spore abundance of AM fungi in reclamation of coal mining subsidence area.Compared with organic fertilizer treatment,inorganic treatment decreased the diversity of soil AM fungi,mainly in three species of Glomus ambisporum,Glomus aggregatuand Acaulospora scrobiculata;organic fertilizer treatment had the highest values in relative abundance and importance of AM fungi,and Glomus constrictum were the dominant bacteria in maize rhizosphere in the reclaimation soil.[Conclusion]Long term use of inorganic fertilizer had an adverse effect on AM fungi diversity in soil,while organic fertilizer treatment benefitted on the relative frequency and importance of AM fungi in the reclamation soil.