海南水稻生育期的时空变化特征及对气候变暖的响应

Spatiotemporal Change of Rice Growth Period in Hainan and Its Response to Climate Warming

基于海南6个农业气象观测站点的水稻生育期资料和1961~2014年历史气象数据,分析了海南不同地区水稻生育期的时空分布特征,以及气候变暖对海南水稻生育期的影响。结果表明,近54 a海南水稻生长季内平均气温呈上升趋势,早稻气候倾向率为0.21~0.3℃/10 a,以苗期最为明显,晚稻为0.18~0.24℃/10 a,以成熟期最为明显。不同地区水稻生育期差异较大,东部地区早于西部地区,早稻播种时间最大相差55 d,早稻收获和晚稻播种最大间隔42 d,降水和高温可能是造成这一差异的主要原因。随着气候变暖,海南大部分地区早稻生育期提前,晚稻生育期延迟,苗期和成熟期持续时间缩短,与该阶段平均气温呈负相关,但全生育期持续时间变异较大,部分站点略有延长。在未来气候变暖背景下,海南早稻播期可适当提前,晚稻播期可适当延迟,并选用耐高温和抗干旱品种,以减轻高温的不利影响。

Based on historical meteorological data from 1961 to 2014 and rice（ Oryza sative L.） growth observations from 6 agro-meteorological stations in Hainan, the impacts of climate warming on double rice growth period and its spatiotemporal variations were analyzed. The results indicated that the mean temperature during rice growing season increased in last 54 years in Hainan, with a rate of 0.21-0.3 ℃/10 a in early rice（especially for seedling stage）, and a rate of 0.18-0.24 ℃/10 a in late rice（especially for mature stage）. The rice growth periods in different areas varied significantly, the sowing date of early rice in eastern region was earlier than that in western region with a maximum interval of 55 days. After the harvest of early rice, it lasted 42 days at most when late rice began sowing. The precipitation and high temperature might be an explanation for the variation of rice sowing time. With temperature increased, the growth periods of early rice in most stations advanced, while the growth periods of late rice delayed. The duration of seedling stage and mature stage presented a shorten trend and had a negative correlation with the increased mean temperature. But the whole growth duration presented a slightly prolonged trend in some stations and a large variation existed. On the background of climate warming, the sowing date for early rice and late rice in Hainan may further advance and delay respectively in the future, rice varieties resistance to high temperature and drought are favored, which is benefit to relieving the heat injury.