渭北地区不同砧穗组合富士苹果幼树树体易成形性及早花早果性研究

Study on Easy Shaping,Precocious Flowering and Early Bearing in Different Scion-rootstock Combinations for Young Fuji Apple Trees in Weibei Area

研究不同砧穗组合富士苹果幼树树体生长相关指标及幼树早花、早果特性。以4a生的7个不同砧穗组合富士苹果幼树为材料,调查统计树体特性和开花结果相关指标。结果表明:17个组合的富士苹果幼树矮化效果从高到低为烟富6号/M26>烟富6号/T337/新疆野苹果>烟富6号/SH16>烟富6号/T337>烟富3号/T337>烟富6号/青砧1号>烟富6号/新疆野苹果。2当年生枝条生长量大小依次为烟富6号/新疆野苹果>烟富3号/T337>烟富6号/T337>烟富6号/SH16>烟富6号/青砧1号>烟富6号/T337/新疆野苹果>烟富6号/M26。烟富3号/T337长枝富士与青砧1号、T337矮化砧的主枝数量和当年生枝量分别居前3位;M26矮化砧均最小。3M26矮化砧短枝成花率和花序总数均较大,但其着果率最低;T337矮化中间砧花序数量大,产量高;烟富3号/T337长枝富士着果率最高;T337矮化砧着果率和产量较高。4烟富3号/T337长枝富士,既早花早果,又易成形;烟富6号/T337短枝富士,早花早果性好,早期丰产性强;T337矮化中间砧,幼树早花早果,但幼树难成形。M26矮化砧易成花,但难成形。烟富6号/新疆野苹果树体高大,幼树难以成花。因此,在渭北地区的青砧1号、M26、T337、SH16这4个短枝富士矮化自根砧苹果幼树中,选择烟富6号/T337短枝富士较好;矮化砧和乔化砧比较中,选择矮化砧相对较好;烟富3号/T337长枝富士和烟富6号/T337短枝富士,在苹果幼树树体成形、早花早果性方面都占有较大优势。

Easy shaping,precocious flowering,and early bearing indexes in different scion-rootstock combinations for young Fuji apple trees in Weibei area were studied.Seven scion-rootstock combinations for four years young Fuji apple trees were used as materials to measure related indexes of tree composition,blossom and bearing.The results showed that dwarf effect was in the order of Yanfu 6/ M26＞Yanfu6/T337/M.sieversii＞ Yanfu 6/SH16 ＞ Yanfu 6/T337 ＞ Yanfu 3/T337 ＞ Yanfu 6/Qing-zhen 1＞Yanfu 6/M.sieversii.The total length of annual shoot was in the order of Yanfu6/M.sieversii ＞Yanfu 3/T337＞Yanfu 6/T337＞Yanfu 6/SH16＞Yanfu 6/Qingzhen 1＞Yanfu6/T337/M.sieversii ＞Yanfu 6/M26.The leading number of main branch and annual shoot were Yanfu 3/T337,Yanfu 6/Qingzhen 1 and Yanfu 6/T337,and the least was Yanfu 6/M26.Dwarfing rootstock M26 showed higher spur flower formation rate,and total inflorescence number,but the fruit-setting rate was the lowest.Long branch type of Yanfu 3/T337 was early flowering and bearing,and easy to take shape.Spur type Yanfu 6/T337 showed early flowering,fruit and early fertility.T337 interstock was early flowering and bearing,but difficult to form the tree.M26 dwarfing rootstock showed early flowering,but difficult to form the tree architecture.Yanfu 6/M.sieversii was vigorous,but the number of flower was very few.Therefore,among the spur type Fuji apple grafted on the Qingzhen 1,M26,T337,and SH16,Yanfu 6/T337 was better in Weibei area.Comparing with vigorous stock,dwarfing rootstock was better.Both long branch type of Yanfu 3/T337 and spur type Yanfu 6/T337 had great advantages in easy shaping,early flowering and fruiting.