口腔颌面外科患者经鼻气管插管鼻部压疮情况的前瞻性调查

Prospective investigation on the occurrence of nasal pressure sores induced by nasotracheal intubation in patients with maxillofacial surgery

目的了解口腔颌面外科患者经鼻气管插管所致鼻部压疮的发生情况,并探讨其和压疮风险评估量表的关系。方法通过文献回顾和专家咨询设计调查问卷,并对162例重症监护室口腔颌面外科经鼻气管插管患者进行前瞻性的Braden量表评分和鼻部压疮情况调查,其中鼻部压疮情况主要包括压疮发生率、压疮部位和压疮分期。采用SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行非参数检验,以P<0.05为检验水准。结果患者鼻部压疮的发生率为19.1%,主要发生部位为鼻翼部,压疮分期以Ⅱ期为主。鼻部压疮发生情况和Braden评分无关。结论口腔颌面外科患者经鼻气管插管所致鼻部压疮的发生率较高,传统压疮风险评估工具能否适用于器械性压疮的预测还有待进一步研究。

Objective To investigate the situation of nasal pressure sores induced by nasotracheal intubation in patients with maxillofacial surgery in intensive care unit,and to explore its relationship with Braden score.Methods The investigation questionnaire was constructed on the basis of literature review and expert consultation.Totally 162 patients with maxillofacial surgery were prospectively investigated with Braden score and the situation of nasal pressure sores,including the rate,site and stage.The data was analyzed by nonparametric test using SPSS17.0 software package.Results The incidence rate of nasal pressure sores was 19.1%,mostly on the wing of nose.The main classification of the pressure sores was stage Ⅱ.Interestingly,Braden score was not related to the rate of nasal pressure sores.Conclusion This study indicated that the incidence rate of nasal pressure sores induced by nasotracheal intubation was high in patients with maxillofacial surgery in intensive care unit.What＇s more,more researches were needed to explore the predicting effectiveness of pressure sore risk assessment tools on assessing medical device-related pressure sores among ICU patients.