论成年监护制度研究存在的若干误区

Discussion on Some Misunderstands in Adult Guardianship System

近年来,关于成年监护制度研究,主要表现在两个方面:一个是"尊重"成年的被监护人的意思,建议实行任意或者意定监护制度;二是扩大被监护人的适用范围,几乎达到了所有的成年人,包括了对生活不便、生活困难人的扶助、照料等赡养问题。所以成年监护可以解决老年人养老问题,同时提出建议应当修改监护制度,使成年监护制度能够容纳养老问题。而成年监护制度与赡养等养老制度有本质区别,监护制度解决的是行为能力不足需要"补"足的问题,制度设计的目的不包括赡养、扶助等养老问题。另外,过度扩大成年人有行为能力时的遗托或者称为意定监护是被监护人意思的表现,这种判断是否存在疏漏、或者是否符合被监护人利益的意思恐怕也是存在异议的。过分夸大成年监护的功能对于应对养老问题并无裨益,试图将成年监护制度打造成解决老年人的"养"老问题的良药,不是理性的选择。各个法律制度的设定有其自身的功能,相互之间应当具有清晰的边界,而绝对不是设法模糊其边界。

In recent years, the research on adult guardianship system is mainly manifested in two aspects： one is to respect the meaning of adult guardian, and suggests implement the arbitrary guardianship system; the other is to expand the scope of application of guardian, and makes it spread to almost all adults, and including the maintenance of the disabled like support and care. So they think adult guardianship can handle the pension problem of the old. Besides, they suggest modify the adult guardianship system, so that adult guardianship system can accommodate pen- sion problem. However, adult guardianship system and pension system are essentially different. Adult guardianship system aims to solve the problem of lacking behavioral capacity, and the purpose of its system design does not in- clude the pension problem such as maintenance and support. Otherwise, exaggerating the function of adult guardian- ship is not conducive to deal with pension problem, and it is not a rational choice to make the adult guardianship sys- tem as a good medicine to solve the pension problem. The establishment of every legal systems has its own function. They should have a clear boundary between each other, rather than trying to blur its boundaries.