妇产科手术患者感染因素的分析与护理对策

Analysis of Risk Factors for Nursing-related Infection and Its Preventive Measures in Department of Gynecologyand Obstetrics

目的:对妇产科日常护理中的感染相关因素进行初步分析并探讨相应的对策,从而提高护理质量。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2014年3月在我院妇产科住院的528例患者的临床资料,分析其感染发生率、感染部位、年龄分布、平均住院时间、费用等情况。结果:妇科患者的感染率随着患者年龄增大而出现升高趋势,产科由于年龄集中,无特异性。278例妇科手术患者中感染42例,感染发生最多的部位为呼吸道,大约为42.9%(18/42);其次为泌尿道感染,大约为28.6%(12/42)。产科250例行剖宫产手术患者中感染28例,感染发生最多的部位为切口,大约为42.9%(12/28);其次为呼吸道感染,大约为25.0%(7/28)。妇产科感染患者的平均住院时间、费用都要多于未感染患者(P<0.01)。结论:妇产科日常护理过程中,特别是术后护理,感染因素多且复杂,应该在加强护理培训,规范护理操作的同时,与患者保持良性的沟通和及时的护理效果反馈,尽量避免或降低术后感染的发生率,同时高质量的护理也有助于节约患者的医疗成本。

Objective： To explore the risk factors for nursing-related infection factors and its related preventive measures in department of gynecology and obstetrics, and to improve the quality of nursing. Methods： Clinical data of 528 patients from Mar 2013 to Mar 2014 in department of gynecology and obstetrics were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of infection, the site of infection, age distribution, average hospital stay and cost were analyzed. Results： The infection rate of gynecological patients increased with age, while the infection rate of obstetric patients had no relationship with age because of patient＇s age centralization. And 42 cases of 278 patients were infected after gynecological operation, and the site of infection occurred most in the respiratory tract （42.9%）（18/42）, followed by urinary tract infection with the incidence rate of 28.6% （12/42） . And 28 cases of 250 patients after cesarean section were infected and the site of infection occurs most in the incision （42.9%） （12/28） , followed by respiratory tract infection with the incidence rate of 25.0% （7/28） . The average hostital stay and the cost of gynecology and obstetrics-infected patients were higher than those of uninfected patient （P〈0.01） . Conclusions： In the course of the daily nursing in deportment of gynecology and obsteries, especially in post-operative nursing, the infection factors are multiple and complex, so we should strengthen nursing training, standardize care operations, and maintain healthy communication with patients to get timely feedback about nursing effect, which will prevent or reduce the incidence of postoperative infection, and can also save the health care costs of patients.