回报递增、体制锁定与中国社会工作职业化——一个历史制度主义的分析框架

Increasing Return, Regime Lock-in and Professionalization of Social Work in China: From the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

近年来,尽管中央及各地方政府都在大力倡导和鼓励中国社会工作职业化发展,但其实际推进依旧缓慢,这一现象着实令人费解。从历史制度主义分析,该矛盾现象是制度变迁中路径依赖的结果。中国社会工作职业化过程的路径依赖通过两种具体机制而实现:一方面,由于"回报递增"机制的作用,庞大的行政性非专业社会工作对于公共资源的优先占有使专业社会工作的发展空间受限;另一方面,由于"体制锁定"原理的存在,处在"双重弱势"的制度地位的专业社会工作既难以满足生产主义福利体制的需求,也难以为社会工作的职业化发展争取更多的资源。

There is a confusing phenomenon of professionalization of social work in China: Although with strong supports from the authoritative governments, the actual progress of professionalization of social work in China is still very limited. From the perspective of historical institutionalism, this phenomenon can be explained by path dependence, which is realized through two mechanisms: First, the mechanism of iinncreasing rreettuurrnn, which prioritizes administrative non-professional social work, makes the space of professional social work development very limited. Second, the mechanism of regime lock-in results in the dual low status of professional social work, which makes it hardly meet the need of productivism welfare rreegime on one hand and get enough public resources on the other.