基于环境投入产出的多视角全球二氧化硫排放

Global sulfur dioxide emissions in multiple input-output perspectives

国际贸易的迅速发展是贸易隐含污染物排放转移的主要驱动因素,排放转移的出现将排放责任的研究从生产者视角贡献逐渐引向了消费者视角贡献.合理的排放责任界定成为区域减排的重要参考.本研究利用多区域环境投入产出模型,以当前社会广泛关注的大气污染物二氧化硫为载体,详细分析了2007年全球各地区基于生产者视角、生产链末端视角、消费者视角、考量区域减排努力的改进的消费者视角的大气污染物排放贡献,并对各个视角下的区域排放进行比较和分析.结果表明:西欧、北美、日澳新等地区生产者、生产链末端、消费者视角的排放依次升高,而南亚、东亚地区的排放依次减小.大量的二氧化硫排放从西欧、北美随着国际贸易供应链转移到东亚地区.全球各地区二氧化硫排放强度的差异和全球贸易导致的生产格局的变化均为排放转移的原因.本研究是贸易引致环境问题研究的重要补充,为区域乃至全球从贸易角度降低区域大气污染问题提供了科学依据.

The increasing growth of international trade has been driving substantial emission transfers of air pollutants. Reasonable emission inventories are critical for regional pollution mitigation. Based on this,emission inventories in both production-based accounting and consumption-based accounting were developed to allocate the burden of emission reduction. In this study,we focus on the widely concerned sulfur dioxide emissions,and study how it flows among international trade and how these emission transfers affect regional emission responsibilities. Here we attributed the sulfur dioxide emissions to direct emitters,the last producers of production chain,and the consumers,respectively,and then we improved the consumption-based emission inventory by taking the technology distribution into account. Our results show that emissions in Western Europe,North America,Japan,Australia and New Zealand are increasing along the global supply chain while emissions in South Asia and East Asia show the opposite trend. Large amount of SO_2 are transferred from Western Europe and North America to East Asia via international trade. Emission intensity disparity and production outsourcing are both important reasons of emission transfer pattern. This study extended the existing perspectives of pollutants emissions and provided more comprehensive information for scientific research and policy making.