“看”的文学革命·“听”的文学革命——1920年代中国的听觉媒介与“国语”实验

The Literary Revolution of Reading and Literary Revolution of Listening: Auditory Media and the Experiments in National Language in 1920s China

现代中国文学的确立离不开"现代汉语"语言的确立,而语言的确立又不单涉及为"看"而生成的"书面语"形态的问题。学界对于晚清民初中国的"文学革新"的研究中,"听"的文学革命一直是一个几乎被完全忽略的非常关键的问题。如果说在推进中国现代性的过程中,文学发挥了难以估量的核心功能的话,那么,以"听觉"作为媒介的文学传播就应当成为构成这一历史进程所不可或缺的基本要素;而且,在不断更新的技术手段的支持下,人们对文学所传达的"现代"意识的接受,事实上更多的不只是"看",而主要是借助于"听"。据此而言,仅以"看"的文字文献为基础书写出来的文学史不能算是完整的文学史;忽略了"听觉"媒介在现代性演进过程中的巨大功能,也无法真正透视和理解中国现代性的实际境况及其本质特性。

The establishment of Chinese modern literature is accompanied by the established modern Chinese which is prompted not merely by reading but by listening. The literary revolution in listening as a matter of concern was neglected in the past research of the Chinese literary revolution in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, in fact, in the process of the China＇ s modernizing listening as a kind of media played an important role in literature transmission. And as a technical improvement, it＇ s more important than reading in transmitting modern ideas. In other words, the Chinese literary history is not completely narrated if its auditory achievements are excluded, then its modernity fails to be comprehended completely.