鲁迅思想发展道路研究热的回顾与反思

Review and Retrospect on the Hot Issue of the Development of Lu Xun's Thoughts

本文对上世纪70年代末80年代初兴起的一场鲁迅思想发展道路研究热进行了回顾与反思。认为这场研究热反映出中国鲁研界不从实际出发而从原则出发,以一些理论条文规范和印证鲁迅思想,值得认真反思。这种倾向实际上从1934年瞿秋白的《〈鲁迅杂感选集〉序言》之后就开始了,1948年对舒芜的《鲁迅的中国与鲁迅的道路》的批判更加强了此倾向,1956年10月19日纪念鲁迅逝世二十周年大会上茅盾的主题报告《鲁迅——从革命民主主义到共产主义》则把鲁迅思想发展道路的阐释完全政治化。作者认为这是不符合鲁迅本人思想的。从这场研究热中得出的教训是:我们研究鲁迅和其他历史人物,应该从全面、系统地掌握人物本身客观真实的实际出发,从中得出人物本身既有的而非外在强加的结论。离开这个原则,背道而驰,只可能越用力离真理和客观实际越远,是永远做不出任何学问的。

By reviewing and reflecting the hot issue of Lu Xun study which was once discussed among Chinese scholars during late 70s and early 80s in last century, this paper claims that their research on Lu Xun which were assumed to feature his thoughts are mainly based on theoretic dogmas or formulations, instead of practical reality. Such an academic deviation which has impaired our understanding of origins and developments ofLu Xun＇ s thoughts turns out to initiate from Qu Qiubai ＇ s Preface to Anthology of Lu Xun＇s Miscellaneous Essays written in 1934, and was made explicit by Shu Wu＇s Lu Xun＇s China andLuXun ＂s Roads written in 1948. Finally, Mao Dun＇ s Speech for Lu Xun＇ s Memorial Conference ＂Lu Xun： from Revolutionary Democracy to Communism＂ addressed in 1956, categorized Lu Xun＇ s developments in thoughts into political formulas. However, all those assumptions or conclusions fail to confirm with Lu Xun＇ s own system of ideas or thoughts. We have learned from this academic deviation that we should penetrate a writer-thinker in the context of intellectual reality and his surrounding.