清代仓储基层管理与绅士权责新探

A New Probe into the Warehouse Management at the Grassroots Level and the Power and Responsibility of the Gentry in Qing Dynasty

清代仓储基层管理发生重大变化,尤其是晚清以来,绅士地位逐步提高,官绅关系出现新变化,官绅合作成为主导管理模式。以往研究更多强调绅士权力的增加,却忽视绅士所承担社会责任的增加。面对仓储基层管理的压力,不同的地方仓储出现不同的应对策略。嘉定仓储的"备耗仓",到苏州丰备义仓对书吏费用的主动修订,再到佛山义仓的管理艰难,充分体现晚清仓储基层管理的地方特色与整体性压力。他们的个性发展,仍然无法掩饰近代救灾体制本身的发展艰难,以及地方治理的整体困境。

In the Qing Dynasty, warehouse management at the grassroots level underwent great changes, especially since the late Qing Dynasty, when the status of gentry had gradually improved, government - gentry relationship changed, and government - gentry cooperation become the leading mode of warehouse management. In the past, more emphasis was placed on the increase of the power of the gentry, but the increase in their social responsibility was ignored. In the face of the pressure of the warehouse management, different places took different coping strategies. From Jiading＇ s ＂preparation of consumption storehouse＂ to the initiative to revise book official＇ s expenses by Fengbei of Suzhou, Foshan＇ s management difficulty, fully reflected were the local characteristics and the overall pressure faced by the storage management at the grass -roots level in the late Qing dynasty. However, those efforts failed to cover up the hardships of the modem disaster relief system as well as the overall plight of local governance.