澳大利亚幼儿教育与保育的政府干预研究

Government Intervention in Early Childhood Education and Care in Australia

在澳大利亚的幼儿教育与保育发展过程中,为纠正服务供给不足、学费交叉补贴和信息不对称等市场失灵现象,政府使用了直接提供服务、管制和资助等方法进行干预。政府干预为市场有效运行提供了重要保障,但也出现了一定程度的政府失灵。政府失灵主要包括:管制存在重叠、质量评价和等级评定系统不完善、家长面临着较高的实际边际税率、资助对市场的正常运行有不利影响等。澳大利亚政府对幼儿教育与保育的干预策略对我国的启示主要有:对幼教机构加强质量管制、建立合理的政府资助机制及有效治理政府失灵等。

In order to rectify market failures such as service supply shortage, cross-subsidies of fees and asymmetric information in early childhood education and care（ECEC） market, Australian governments employ three main intervention instruments, namely, providing services directly, regulating ECEC providers, and fun- ding ECEC. Government intervention, on the one hand, underpins the efficient operation of the market, while on the other hand, results in government failures to some degree, including a few overlaps among regulations, imperfection of quality evaluation and rating system, high effective marginal tax rate faced by parents, and ad- verse effects of funding ding strengthe ment funding on smooth functioning of the market. We can get some inspiration from Australia, inclu- ning the quality control of early childhood education institutions, establishing reasonable govern- mechanism, and governing government failure effectively.