医疗大数据的特征及应用中的伦理思考

Ethical Reflection on Characteristics of Medical Big Data and Its Application

医疗大数据是利用常规软件工具捕获、管理和处理数据所耗时间超过可容忍时间的医疗领域的数据集。它具有四个典型的特征,主要表现为数据集成的广泛性、数据的潜在价值性、数据分析的相关性和数据解释的不确定性。正是医疗大数据自身的特点,在应用中带来一些伦理问题,如个人信息安全问题、知情同意问题、人文关怀缺失问题。因此,在应用时,要注意加强学科交叉合作,注重综合性人才的培养;完善法律法规和伦理规范;加强人文关怀,重视人的主体地位,多部门协调合作,共同解决其伦理问题。

Big data usually includes data sets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, curate, manage and process within a tolerable elapsed time. There are four typical characteristics of medical big data, which are universality of data integration, potential value of data, the correlation of data analysis and uncertainty of data interpretation. With the application of medical big data, some ethics issues are raised, including the safety of personal information, informed consent, the lack of humanistic care. Therefore, it is of significance to enhance interdisciplinary cooperation, to cultivate comprehensive talents, to protect the safety of personal information and informed consent, to promote legislation and ethical regulation, to put a high premium on the role of human and strengthen humanistic care.