基于胜任力的转化式学习:医学院校本科教学的改革路向

Competency-based Transformative Learning:The Direction of Undergraduate Teaching Reform of Medical Universities

当今盛行的生物医学模式难以满足临床需要,医疗环境的改善依靠教育系统的改变,传统的医学人才培养模式僵化,需要一种能胜任人群健康服务的转化式学习方法来培养医学生的胜任力。转化式学习是参考系有效改变的过程,以批判性反思为基本特征。基于胜任力的转化式学习是课程设计集系统性和实践性、思维能力与人文精神有机统一、以患者或人群需要为中心、紧扣医疗实践和学生岗位胜任能力发展的转化式学习过程。基于胜任力的转化式学习的有效开展,必须根据临床实践需要设置课程体系、以学生为中心的个性化教学、利用网络信息技术支持转化式学习、以岗位胜任力为导向开展形成性教学评价、教师教育理念的转变。

Nowadays, the prevalence of biomedical model is difficult to meet clinical needs, and medical environment improvement depends on the change of education system. Because of traditional rigid medical training model, we need to explore the transformative learning methods to cultivate medical students＇ competence, so as to provide quality health service. Transformative learning is a process of effecting change in a frame of reference, which is characterized with critical thinking. Transformative learning based on competency is systematic and practical set of the curriculum design, thinking ability and humanistic spirit of organic unity, patients or community needs oriented, closely stick to medical practice and students competence development. Effective implementation of competency-based transformative learning must be carried out,including setting up curriculum system based on clinical practice, student-centered individualized teaching, the use of network information technology to support transformational learning, the competence-oriented formative learning evaluation, and the concept of teacher education.