不同养老方式老年人能力状况及养老方式选择的影响因素研究

Research on the ability status and influencing factors on the elderly among different endowment models

目的了解不同养老方式老年人能力状况的差异性及养老方式选择的影响因素,为合理管理养老资源提供实证依据。方法选取7所养老机构、8个社区、378户居家养老的918名老年人对其养老方式选择及相关因素进行研究分析。结果居家养老老年人在综合能力及4个维度上与社区和机构养老的老年人比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与机构养老组相比,80岁以下、有配偶、文化程度初中及以上、有3个及以上子女、主要经济来源于自己或配偶、未患慢性病、综合能力完好和轻度失能的老年人更倾向于选择居家养老(P<0.05);80岁以上、有配偶、文盲的老年人更倾向于选择社区养老(P<0.01)。结论不同养老方式老年人能力存在差异,根据老年人的基本特征和能力等级,选择合适的养老方式,提供养老服务资源,对满足老年人需求并合理利用养老资源有参考意义。

Objective To understand the different ability status of the elderly among different endowment models and the influencing factors of endowment model selection, and to provide the evidence for the reasonable utilization of the endowment resources management. Method The convenience sampling method was used to analyze the influencing factors and endowment model selection among the elderly in 7 endowment institutions, 8 communities, and 378 families. Results The comprehensive ability and 4 dimensions of elderly in family endowment has significantly statistic with community and endowment institutions （P 〈 O. 01 ）. Compared with the endowment institution ,the elderly under 80 years of age, with spouse, education level more than junior high school, more than 3 children, the main source of income came from themselves or their relatives, without chronic disease, good comprehensive ability and mild disability were more likely to choose family endowment （P 〈 0.05 ）;the elderly over the age of 80 have spouse, illiteracy were more likely to choose the community endowment （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The elderly in different endowment models provide differences ability, choose the right endowment models, and provide endowment re- sources to meet the needs of the elderly and the rational use of endowment resources according to the elderly basic characteristics and ability level has certain ref- erence significance.