从西方文献看雍正帝继位的合法性

The Legality of Yongzheng Succeeding to the Throne Basing on Western Documents

罗马耶稣会档案馆中涉及康熙帝传位的手稿,主要是耶稣会高尚德的报告、德国传教士戴进贤的两封信、《马国贤日记》,这些资料均认为康熙帝传位给皇四子雍亲王胤禛,虽然不是在宫中目睹事实的最为原始的记载,但属于最接近宫中的差不多是第一时间获得的消息,有一定的可靠性。结合当时康熙帝驾崩与雍正帝即位局面平稳的情形来看,似乎较为合乎情理,不能轻易否定传教士记载雍正帝继位问题资料的真实性。不排除康熙帝属意于皇十四子允禵,但是传教士文献透露出的信息,是康熙帝临终之际选择了皇四子继位。

The original manuscripts about Emperor Kangxi abdicating in the Jesuit Archives in Roman mainly including the report of Gao Shang-de, the two letters of German missionary Dai Jinxian, Diaries of Ma Guoxian. These materials manifest that Emperor Kangxi abdicated to Yinzhen, the Fourth Prince made Prince Yong of the first rank. Although these materials are not the most primitive records of witnessing the facts, they are almost the first time information closest to the palace and so there are certain degrees of reliability. Combined with the stable situation when Emperor Kangxi died and then Emperor Yong Zheng succeeded to the throne, it seems more reasonable. So the authenticity of Emperor Yongzheng succeeding to the throne recorded by the missionary can not be easily denied. The possibility of Emperor Kangxi was more like Yunti, the Fourteenth Prince, can not be ruled out. But from the information in the documents by the missionary, Emperor Kangxi choose his fourth son to succeed to the throne when he dying.