20世纪初美国社会转型与现代学制的确立

American Social Transformation and Modern Educational System Reform in the Early Twentieth Century

19世纪末20世纪初,美国经历了巨大的社会变革,教育制度也进行了重新建构。面对社会转型时期的新需求,在教育学、心理学等相关学科研究成果的支持下,美国的教育制度打破了公立学校单一的学术化取向,增强了中等教育服务社会的职能,原来的"八四学制"逐渐向"六三三学制"转型,形成了以"六三三学制"为框架,以综合中学为主体,以进步主义教育思想为指导,上下衔接、富有弹性的现代学制,这是20世纪美国教育走向现代化的基础。

At the end of the nineteenth Century and the beginning of the twentieth Century, American society experienced great social changes, the educational system is also reconstructed. Facing the new demand in the period of social transformation, under the support of research achievements in pedagogy and psychology and so on, the American educational system broke single academic orientation at public school, enhanced the social service function of secondary education, the original ＂8-4 school system＂ gradually transferred to the ＂6-3-3 school system＂, the American educational system finally formed cohesive and elastic modern educational system in which it takes the ＂6-3-3 school system＂ as framework, comprehensive schools as the main body, the progressive education theory as guidance. It is the basis for the modernization of education in the United States in twentieth Century.