再思张君劢、钱穆之争:文明与宪制之辩

Revisiting the Debates Between Zhang Junmai and Qian Mu: On the Relation Between Modern Constitution and Chinese Civilization

张君劢、钱穆两先生均为现代新儒学之重要人物,然其为学路径不同,故对中国传统政治之性质、对儒家义理转生现代政制之前景,持有大体相反的看法,而发生或隐或显之争论。张君劢认为,构建现代中国之良好政制之路是自移植西方民主,钱穆先生则以为可在儒家文明内部转生创发。由此,两人对孙中山先生之五权宪法方案也持完全不同的看法:钱穆支持,而张君劢反对。此一分歧实贯穿19世纪末以来之现代儒学发展,今日则展开为港台儒学与大陆新兴政治儒学之争。

Regarded as two representative scholars of modern Confucianism,Zhang Junmai and Qian Mu,however,involved two debates explicitly or implicitly because of their different views about Chinas traditional politics and the possibility of modern constitution developed from the Confucian ideas.It is their differences which consist in the central problem of New Modern Confucian thinking,namely,whether the Confucian political idea plays a decisive role in the formation of modern constitution in China.Zhang Junmai said no and Qian Mu yes.This article will analyze their different approaches to history and politics,and in particular,examine their attitudes to Dr.Sun Yat-sens constitutional scheme,in order to show two patterns of relation between Modern Constitution and Chinese Civilization that are represented by modern Confucianism from the late 19th century.