论两汉曹魏皇室文学赞助之模式与变革

On the Modes and Changes of Royal Literary Patronage in the Han and Wei Dynasties

文学赞助最早可以追溯到公元前5世纪的古代希腊,独裁统治者常邀请诗人到其宫廷中。到了罗马时代,首都的许多贵族也对文学家提供经济上的支持,因此诗人常以首都为中心。古代中国也有养士之风,但这些门下客并不是现代意义的文学家,而是偏向哲学或思想型的文人。秦代无文,汉初的文学之士则多聚在诸侯王的宫廷中,例如梁孝王刘武。到了汉武帝,中央宫廷才真正成为文学之士集中的中心。曹魏之际,诸多著名文人更接受曹氏父子的赞助。本文主要的目标是研究两汉与曹魏之间的文学赞助的模式与变革,同时也探讨这种文人与皇家之间的特殊关系如何对文学品味和文类产生影响。

Literary patronage can be traced back to ancient Greece in the 5th century B.C.E,where the autocratic rulers often invited poets to his court.In the Roman period,many aristocrats provided financial support for literati,thus the capital became the center for poets.In ancient China,there was also a custom among the nobles of keeping their own retainers.These retainers,however,were not poets in the modern sense;instead,they were philosophical thinkers.The Qin Dynasty lacked refined literature,and in the early Western Han literati gathered at the courts of feudal kings of the Han.For example,King Xiao of the Liang,Liu Wu,was such a feudal king.Not until the reign of Emperor Wu did the court of the central government become the center of poets.In the Wei Dynasty,many famous poets received support from the Cao family.The main purpose of the essay is to study the modes and changes of literary patronage during the Han and Wei period,to explore how this special relation between poets and the royal family wielded influence.