江津县退押运动再研究——与曹树基教授等讨论

Further Studies on the Refund Deposition Movement in Jiangjin County——Discussion with Cao Shuji

押金是佃农交纳的地租保证金,退押运动是1950—1951年新区开展的地主退还押金的运动。曹树基教授以四川江津县档案为中心,是首位细致研究退押运动的学者。笔者深受其启发,但基本认识又与之相悖:从背景看,退押运动的发起与1940年后押租制下佃农的经济损害直接相关,跳过这一时段去争论1940年前押租制对佃农的利弊是走向了论证偏歧;从目的看,退押运动和支持人民币信用以及增加农业税收入几无关联,并非政府为充盈财政而设计的图谋,而是中共在前土改时期打击地主、启发农民"觉悟"的决策体现。

A deposit is a guarantee paid by peasants to their landlords,and the Refund Deposition Movement is a campaign where the deposit is paid back to peasants in the newly liberated areas during the years of 1950-1951.Cao Shuji was the first to make a thorough study on the Refund Deposition Movement,by which the author has been deeply inspired.Nevertheless,the authors fundamental arguments are somewhat different from Caos.In terms of the backgrounds,the Refund Deposition Movement was directly associated with the economic damage to peasants caused by the land tenancy institution after 1940.When discussing the pros and cons of the land tenancy institution before 1940 without taking the aforesaid period into consideration,the demonstration would go astray.From the perspective of these purposes,the author holds that the Refund Deposition Movement had little to do with the support of RMB or rise of the agricultural taxes.Besides,it is not a governments ploy to improve finance but a CPCs policy of cracking down on landlords and arousing the peasantsawareness during the period before the land reform.