从类型逻辑语法角度审视DRT的组合性问题

Exploring Compositional Problems of DRT from the View of Type Logical Grammar

刻画自然语言的语义可以先将自然语言翻译为逻辑语言,然后再给出模型,如蒙塔古的PTQ(1973)以及本文关注的DRT;也可以直接为自然语言给出模型。鉴于前者的翻译介于自然语言和模型之间,于是被称为"中间层",此层面为句法—语义接口的语义部分。所谓组合性,是指从自然语言到该中间层,从中间层再到模型都存在"句法—语义"对应。关于组合性问题,学界已有的解决方案是从自然语言的句法结构和中间层的句法结构连同中间层的语义解释入手,规范地梳理句法—语义对应问题。本文介绍一种经典方案,即将范畴语法与DRT相结合,之后给出改进思路。

Characterizing the meaning of natural language can either be done by translating a natural language into the logical language first and then giving its model, such as Montague＇s PTQ （1973） and DRT which is focused on in this article, or be done by giving its model directly. Since the translation in the former approach lies between the natural lan- guage and its model, it is called ＂the middle layer＂, which is the semantical part at the syntax-semantics interface. The so-called compositional problems are concerning the syntax- semantics correspondence from natural language to this middle layer and from the middle layer to its model. As to these compositional problems, the existing solutions are about de- signing the syntax structure of natural language and the middle layer, and on dealing with the semantical interpretation of the middle layer. These solutions focus on elaborating the syntax-semantics correspondence. This paper introduces a classical approach, namely, com- bining categorical grammar and DRT, and puts forward suggestions for its further develop- ment.