肝卵圆细胞的起源、标志物、调控和应用前景

The origin,marker,regulation and therapeutic potential of hepatic oval cells

肝脏在机体内发挥着重要作用,包括糖和脂质代谢,血浆蛋白的合成和对内外源性毒物的解毒作用等。目前肝脏的慢性疾病是导致人类死亡的重要原因。肝脏依靠肝细胞的自我更新和肝卵圆细胞的增殖分化两大途径参与肝损伤的修复。然而,我们对肝卵圆细胞的起源、特异性标志物、信号通路的调控等方面依然尚未完全阐明。最近一些研究通过运用新的分离技术和基因系谱追踪技术对肝卵圆细胞的起源和生物学功能有新的发现。本文较详尽地对以上内容进行了综述。

The liver plays an vital role in glucose and lipid metabolism,synthesis of plasma proteins,and detoxification of xenobiotics. Liver chronic disease is one of the leading causes of death in China. Liver mass can be restored by two mechanisms： division of hepatocytes and hepatic oval cells （HOCs） proliferation and differentiation. However, the origin, specific markers and signaling pathways of HOCs have not been fully elucidated. Recent researches in HOCs isolation methods and genetic lineage tracing have enabled investigators to study multiple aspects of HOCs origin and biology. We reviewed the previous researches in detail.