青光眼的中枢神经系统改变

Central nervous system changes in glaucoma

青光眼是一组以进行性视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）凋亡、视神经纤维层丢失为特征的神经退行性疾病。大量研究证明，青光眼患者在RGCs、视神经、视交叉、视束、外侧膝状体、视放射、大脑枕叶视皮质整个视觉通路上均出现了病理改变，青光眼是整个视觉通路在多层次、多因素损害的基础上出现的复杂综合症群。从视觉通路多级神经元水平更深入地研究青光眼视觉通路损害的特征，及时发现青光眼患者整个视觉通路的早期微小变化，重新认识疾病，开发新的临床诊治方法，早诊断、早治疗，有效延缓青光眼致盲进程，日益成为眼科学界和神经科学界关注的焦点。本文将从青光眼性中枢神经系统损害的表现、青光眼中枢神经系统损伤可能存在的机制、研究青光眼中枢神经损伤的意义几个方面就青光眼的中枢神经系统改变研究进展进行综述。

Glaucoma is a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） apoptosis, optic nerve fiber layer loss and characteristic visual field defect. Recently, more and more studies indicate that the glaucomatous damage occurred to not only RGCs in the eyes, but also optic nerves, optic chiasm,optic beam, lateral geniculate nucleus and the visual cortex. The neural degenerations could be identified through the whole visual system. Glaucoma is a complex syndrome based on multiple levels and multiple factors. From the visual pathway of multilevel neurons level more in-depth study glaucomatous visual pathway injury characteristics, timely detection of early minimal changes of glaucoma patients throughout the visual pathway, from the new understanding of the disease, to the development of clinical diagnosis and treatment methods, early diagnosis, early treatment, effective delay of glaucoma blindness process has increasingly become the focus of community and neural science circles of ophthalmology. The progress in the study of the central nervous system changes induced by glaucoma was reviewed briefly.