植物防御素在抗植物病害方面的应用

Application of Plant Defensin on Plant Disease Resistance

植物防御素是一类碱性、富含半胱氨酸、具有抗菌活性的低分子量多肽。不同植物防御素抗菌活性差异较大,但高级结构相似,都是1个α-螺旋和3个反向平行的β片层结构。植物防御素具有抑制酶活、抑菌、抑制癌细胞生长等功能,其作用机理主要是与真菌细胞膜上鞘脂等复杂脂类相互作用。植物防御素具有抗菌谱广泛和高效性的特点,将在植物抗病基因工程和作物品种改良中发挥重要作用,并有望开发成为新型的抗菌剂以减少农药的使用。本文综述了植物防御素的结构、功能、作用机理以及在植物抗病虫害基因工程上的应用研究进展。

Plant defensin is one kind of short peptides with low molecular weight,basic,cysteine-rich and antimicrobial activity.Antimicrobial activity of different plant defensin have large difference ,but the higher structures are similar,which have one α-helix and three antiparallel β-sheets. Plant defensins can inhibit enzyme activity,antifungal activity and cancer cell proliferation.The mechanism of plant defensins is that it binds the complex lipids those from the outside of fungal plasma membrane.Becanse of broad anti-microbes activity and high efficiency,it will play an important role in plant genetic engineering of disease resistance and varieties improvement of plant, even be used as novel germicides in order to reduce the use of pesticides.The structural characteristics,biological functions,mechanism,progress in plant genetic engineering of plant defensins were reviewed in this paper.