农业生产率增长源泉、瓶颈及影响因素--基于南方五省水稻种植户的实证分析

A Probe into Sources,Bottlenecks and Affecting Factors of Agricultural Productivity Growth--A case study based on empirical analysis of the survey data of rice farmers in five southern provinces

基于2008-2012年南方五省水稻种植户的调查数据,运用DEA-Malmquist和分位数回归模型实证分析了中国农业生产率增长源泉、瓶颈及影响因素。实证结果表明:中国农业生产率增长的源泉主要是规模效率和技术进步,制约瓶颈是农户的纯技术效率;农户的文化程度、劳动投入和播种面积对经营大户有显著的正影响,而对经营小户影响不显著。因此,为提升我国农业生产效率,国家应采取支持适度规模经营、加大农业科技投入、完善农业科技成果转化等政策措施,把规模经营和科技进步作为我国农业生产率增长的主要驱动力;而且亟需加强农村人力资本培育、农业技术推广和社会化服务来弥补农户纯技术效率低下这块短板。

The paper uses DEA-Malmquist model and quantile regression model to examine the sources ,bottlenecks and affecting factors of agricultural productivity growth on the basis of survey data of ricefarmers in five southern provinces. The empirical analysis leads to the the fact that the sources of China’agricultural productivity growth come mainly from scale efficiency and technological progress , the main bottlenecks come from pure technical efficiency; and that farmers’ education, labor input and sown areahave significant positive impacts on agricultural productivity for large-groups of farmers in rice production,but have produced no significant effects on small-groups of farmsuggest that the government should offer support for larger-scale operations, increase investment inagricultural science and technology, and strengthen the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces. The findings also suggest that more efforts from the governmentare needed to strengthen rural human capital, promote agricultural technology extension and developfarmers’ agricultural social services in order to improve farmers’ pure technical efficien