技术还是技艺:应该如何看待武术

Skill or artistry: the view on Wushu

技术和技艺是两个具有不同意义指向的词。长期以来,人们对二者之间关系的认识模糊,导致了诸多现实问题的发生。综合运用文献资料、比较分析、专家访谈研究方法,从技术与技艺的区别、以往人们将武术视为一种技术所产生的弊端、武术实质是一门技艺三个方面,对应该如何看待武术的命题进行了研究。主要结论为:技术和技艺是有区别的,表现在:1)前者更强调"经验和知识"以及操作上的技巧,后者则突出富于技巧性的艺术表现;2)在范围上,技艺包含技术,而技术是技艺的一个部分,或者说,技术乃技艺过程所包含的一个阶段。将武术视为一种技术,降低了武术的层次,窄化了其发展的范围。正确的做法是,不仅要关注武术功利性的但却是低层次的技术的传播与推广,也要关照非功利性的、高层次的技艺的彰显。

Skill and artistry are two words with different meanings. Fora long time, people＇s under-standing oftherelationshipbetweenthetwoisfuzzy, whichhasledtotheoccurrenceof manypracti-cal problems. Comprehensivelyusingresearch methodsof literature, comparativeanalysisandexpert interview, this paperresearched on the difference of skill and artistry, the disadvantages produced by people who take Wushu as skill in the past, and the proposition that takes Wushu as a kind of artistry. The main conclusions include ： skill and artistry are different in two aspects ： 1） Skill takes more emphasis on ＂experience and knowledge＂and operational skill, while artistry is prominent in the artistic expression of skill. 2） Their scope are different; artistry includes skill, and skill is one part of artistry, orskill is a stage in the process of artistry. The ideathat takes Wushu as a kind of skill reduces thelevelof Wushu, andnarrowsthescopeofitsdevelopment. Therightwayisnotonly to take care of the dissemination and extension of technique of Wushu, which is utilitarian but low level, but also to value the manifest of Wushu artistry, which is non-utilitarianbut high level. It is of great theoretical significance and practical valueforthe development of Wushu intoday＇s society.