密接式车钩连挂特性影响因素分析

Affecting factor analysis on coupling characteristic of tight-lock coupler

根据列车纵向动力学相关理论,利用ADAMS软件建立2车钩冲击连挂动力学模型,且模型经过台车冲击试验数据验证,最大冲击力和运动车钩缓冲器最大压缩量相对误差均不超过3%。利用该模型分别研究不同冲击速度、不同惩罚参数和不同钩锁弹簧预载荷对密接式车钩连挂特性的影响。研究结果表明:最大冲击力和缓冲器最大压缩量均随冲击速度的上升而上升,但几乎不受惩罚参数和弹簧预载荷的影响;当冲击速度为36 km/h时,两车钩连挂失败,最大冲击力达到1 130.2kN,运动车钩和静止车钩缓冲器位移曲线分离,但最大压缩量都未超过缓冲器最大行程100 mm;当冲击速度上升或预载荷减小时,车钩连挂时间增加,且连挂时间随惩罚参数的增大先增加后减小,其拐点在惩罚参数为1.0×10~5的位置;惩罚参数和钩锁弹簧预载荷在一定程度上影响车钩连挂过程,当惩罚参数超过1.0×10~7或预载荷小于2.0 kN时车钩连挂失败。

Based on the theory of train longitudinal dynamics, the dynamics model of coupler impact coupling was built by using ADAMS software and modified by the trolley impact test data, the relative errors of the maximum impact force and the maximum buffer displacement are no more than 3%. The effect of different impact speeds, different penalty coefficients and different spring pre-loads on tight-lock coupler coupling character were simulated by the dynamics model. Results show that： The maximum impact force and the maximum buffer displacement increase with the increase of impact speed, but not affected by penalty coefficient and spring pre- load. When the impact speed is 36 km/ h, the coupler coupling process fails, and the maximum impact force is 1 130.2 kN, the displacement curves of moving coupler buffer and static coupler buffer are separated, and the maximum displacements are no more than the maximum buffer stroke that is 100 mm. The coupling time increases with the increase of impact speed, and it increases with the decrease of spring pre- load. Besides that, the coupling time first increases with the increase of penalty coefficient, then decreases, and the inflection point of penalty coefficient is 1.0 ×10^5. The penalty coefficient and spring pre-load affect the coupler coupling process to some extent, when the penalty coefficient exceeds 1.0×10^7 or the spring pre-load is no more than 2.0 kN, the coupler coupling process fails.