旅游洞穴保护方式演变及保护式开发

Evolution of Protection Type and Protection Development Mode of Show Cave

以时间为主线,运用归纳总结法和类比分析法对中国旅游洞穴的保护方式进行分析。不同时期有不同的保护方式,主要有无序自发、有序被动和有序主动3种类型。1950年以来,基本沿无序自发→有序被动→有序主动的趋势演变。运用系统动力学方法,提出融"主体-客体、研究、开发、保护、管理、反馈"多位一体的保护式开发新模式。其中,主体、客体及其相互之间的关系构成内核,是该模式的"发动机"及运行和操作的中枢,由其衍生出的开发、保护、管理、研究四大运行系统与反馈系统一起构成外核,是该模式的实际操作和运行过程及结果。该模式的运行是以管理系统为操作系统和主线,经主体-客体系统启动研究系统,确定洞穴的特色,再对其他系统进行分析和构建;同时以反馈系统为调整系统和副线,实时评估运行效果,不断调整、更新各系统。

Taking the time as the main theme, this paper researched the protection types of show caves in Chi-na by using the methods of inductive and analogical analysis. There are different protection types in different times, and in general there are three types, namely, the protection type of disorderly spontaneity, the protection type of or-derly passivity, the protection type of orderly initiative. The protection type would generally be shaped similar to the trend which evolved from disorderly spontaneity to orderly passivity, to orderly initiative since 1950. The protection development mode of show cave which is the combination of subject-object, research, development, protection, management and feedback is raised by using the system dynamics method. The steinkem which consists of the subject system, the object system and the relationship between them is the engine and the operation centre of the protection development mode, and the outer core which consists of the feedback system and four operation systems which are de-rived from the steinkem, i. e., the development system, the protection system, the management system, the research system, is the actual operation process and the result of the protection development mode. Taking the management system as the operation system and the main theme, the protection development mode activates the the research sys-tem through the subject system and the object system, and confirms the feature of cave, then analyzes and constructs the other systems, at the same time taking the feedback system as the adjustment system and the subordinate theme, the mode evaluates operation effect in real time, constantly adjusts and updates each system.