唐代法相唯识宗衰败原因新探

The Causes of the Decline of the Mind-Only School in Tang Dynasty

在玄奘弟子中,窥基、普光无疑占据着中心位置,特别是窥基完成《成唯识论》正式确立核心地位,也由此成为唯识宗的实际领袖,经历了漫长的过程。自武则天执政起,因玄奘僧团前朝色彩浓重等原因,而与以窥基为首的慈恩寺系关系紧张,佛教的中心也偏移至西明寺。正因为此,窥基在最应发展唯识宗的时期被逼离开长安,赴各地行化,唯识宗也逐渐脱离佛教的中心舞台。玄宗之时,唯识三祖慧沼因犯金刀之谶及坚持弥勒信仰等因素,正犯玄宗禁忌。这无疑促使唯识宗彻底走向衰败。

Among all disciples of Hsuan- tsang, Kuei-chi and Puguang held the most important positions. The forming of Kuei- chi^s core position took lor a long time and was finally established with Cheng Wei-shih Lun’s completion. Since then, Kuei-chi became the actual leader of the Mind-Only School. However, since Empress Wu became the country ruler, relation between the Ci’en Temple led by Kuei-chi and the empress was tense because of the obvious previous dynasty characters ol the Hsuan-tsang disciples. Meanwhile, the center of the Buddhism changed from the Ci’en Temple to the Ximing Temple. Therefore, Kuei-chi was forced to leave Chang’an and lost the best chance to develop the Mind-Only School which was separated lrom the center stage of the Buddhism since then. Under the administration of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Huizhao insisted on the gold knile prophecy and the Maitreya laith which ollended the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, resulting in the linal decline of the Mind-Only School.