地方性国家统合主义、寻租和中国汽车产业政策失效

Local State Corporatism,Rent-Seeking,and the Failure of Chinese Automobile Industrial Policy

从20世纪80年代中期以来中国政府一直通过各种政策工具以图达到汽车产业合理化和自主发展的政策目标,但20年下来很多做法都失效了。产业政策保护致使中国的汽车产业成为一个暴利的行业,诱发了相关利益主体持续的"创租"、"护租"和"寻租"行为。分权化改革强化了地方政府的经济属性和权力基础,地方性国家统合主义既为"寻租"提供了解释,也阐释了"寻租"行为的合理性;持续的寻租最终使得中国汽车产业发展和政策目标渐行渐远。

Since the mid-1980s the Chinese government has used every type of industrial policy to reach the goal of making the automobile industry a legally autonomous industry.But after over 20 years,this policy has failed.My research focuses on an explanation of the policy failure from a political economy perspective. The protectionist policy made the Chinese automobile industry into an industry with huge profits,tempting the plunder of many interest groups.The economic incentives, as well as the power bases,of local governments have been strengthened by the decentralization reform.Continual rent-creating,rent-protecting,and rent-seeking have altered the intentions of the industrial policy.Most of the time rent-seeking,not profit-seeking,is a rational choice.The development of the Chinese automobile industry continually deviates from the policy goals of the government.