古流体研究的无机地球化学方法综述

Review on the inorganic geochemical methods of paleo-fluid study

研究与成藏过程相关的古流体活动有助于深入认识油气成藏过程,从经济目的出发预测储层质量,精确分析不同阶段古流体活动对油气成藏的影响具有重要意义。目前国内外石油地质学家主要利用同位素地球化学、元素地球化学、流体包裹体分析等无机地球化学方法分析古流体活动特征及其对油气成藏的影响。在归纳前人研究成果的基础上,总结了各种无机地球化学方法的最新研究进展,认为同位素地球化学方法有助于分析古流体来源与成因,元素地球化学方法可示踪烃类流体的运移,流体包裹体分析技术结合岩相学研究可分析油气运移的时间、期次、相态、通道和油气藏的富集规律,并指出油气运移和聚集的有利方向。在运用无机地球化学方法研究古流体活动时不应局限于单一方法,综合利用多种无机地球化学方法更有利于全面分析古流体活动特征。

The study of paleo- fluid activity related to hydrocarbon accumulation helps us profoundly understand the oil and gas accumulation process. It has important significance on evaluating reservoir quality and analyzing paleo- fluid activity at different stages in oil and gas accumulation process for economic objectives. At present,petroleum geologists at home and abroad mainly apply inorganic geochemical methods（ isotope geochemistry,element geochemistry and fluid inclusion analysis） to analyze paleo- fluid activity characteristics and its influences on hydrocarbon accumulation. On the basis of analyzing the previous research achievements,this paper summarizes the latest research progresses of inorganic geochemical methods. And these following conclusions are found： isotope geochemistry method is suitable for analyzing the paleo- fluid source and causes of formation; element geochemical method is beneficial to trace the migration of hydrocarbon fluid; fluid inclusion analysis technique combined with petrography is helpful to analyze migration time,stages,phase,pathway and accumulation regularity of oil and gas,which can also indicate the favorable direction of migration and accumulation. Using inorganic geochemical methods to analyze paleo- fluid activity should not be limited to a single method. Comprehensive utilization of a variety of inorganic geochemistry methods will be more beneficial to the comprehensive analysis of paleo- fluid activity.