低噪声迷宫式控制阀设计原理及数值分析

Low noise design principle and numerical analysis on labyrinth control valves

在舰船水管路系统中,采用控制阀进行管路系统阻力匹配设计并实现低噪声配置。控制阀在水力激励下形成振动噪声并通过管路传递形成船外辐射噪声。为降低管路系统振动及船外辐射噪声,有必要进行低噪声控制阀的设计研制。该文提出了控制阀水力及声学设计方法,采用流体动力学数值方法进行了低噪声控制阀原理分析,验证了分流、多级和迷宫拐角式低噪声设计原理。基于低噪声设计原理设计了包含上层穿孔、中层多迷宫流道和下层少迷宫流道三部分重叠形成的阀套流通结构的分层迷宫式控制阀。阀内流场分析结果显示:阀套出流不均匀形成高速低压区域,易发生空化增大噪声;阀套腔体和阀套沿出流方向出口处形成大尺度漩涡结构,为主要噪声源区域。

Control valves are used in cooling systems to adjust pump working condition and balance flow volume rates for cooling users. Cooling systems are always running during the sail time and control valves vibration under fluid dynamic excitation and cause boat noise radiation. Therefore, the low noise control valves should be designed to control boat noise radiation. In this paper, the hydraulic and acoustic design methods are constituted. Low noise design principles of control valves such as dividing, multilevel, labyrinth turning are analyzed and verified based on CFD method. The layered labyrinth control valve is designed and analyzed numerically. The analysis results indicate that outflow of trim is uneven and local high speed and low pressure region exists, large eddies forming in valve body cavity and trim outflow regions are major noise sources.