乡村精英治理与村民自治的融合研究

The Fusion of Village Elite Governance and Villager Autonomy

我国法定村级治理模式是村民主导的自治模式,但实践模式是由少部分人主导的精英治理,不能对普通村民的诉求作出很好回应。基于传统接续与现实基础,乡村精英治理有其存在的历史性和客观性,并在引领乡村社会发展、增加公共产品供给、发挥示范引领功能、促进村庄秩序稳定等方面发挥了重要作用。然而,乡村精英治理与村民自治在治理理念、制度、方式等方面存在现实冲突,具有向村民自治转化的必然。通过健全非治理精英吸纳机制、完善乡村精英外在制约机制和内在道德约束、提高村民民主参与意识等策略,使乡村精英治理逐渐过渡为广泛参与的村民自治,在融合过程中走向民主化和法治化。

China’s legal village-level governance model is villager autonomy,but the practical one is governance of elites,which cannot make a good response to the aspirations of ordinary villagers.The rural elitist governance has its historical origin and objective needs,which has played an important role in leading rural social development,increasing the supply of public goods,demonstrating the leading function and promoting the stability of village order.However,there exists a real conflict between the rural elite governance and the villager autonomy in the concept,system,and way of governance.Therefore,the transformation from elite governance to the villager autonomy is inevitable.By establishing the mechanism of non-governed elite absorption,strengthening the external restraint mechanism and internal moral restraint of the rural elites,and improving the villagers’ sense of democratic participation,the rural elitist governance may gradually transform into extensive participation of villagers’ autonomy in the integration process of democratization and legalization.