山地县域聚落生态位分布特征及其与地形因子的关系——以岷江上游为例

Spatial Distribution of the Mountain Settlement Niche and its Relationship with Terrain Factors——A Case Study of Min River

为探究少数民族山区不同地形因子对聚落生态位分布空间格局的影响,以岷江上游少数民族山区为例,基于DEM和遥感影像及GIS技术,研究了山地县域聚落生态位在不同地形因子上的分布特征,结合6个景观指数的计算,定性和定量分析了聚落生态位格局与地形因子的相关性.结果表明:聚落生态位总面积较小,仅占区域面积的3.98%,单个面积也较小,平均仅为0.61 km^2,分布存在明显的垂直梯度特征,且集中分布于15~35°之间的缓斜坡及斜坡,45~135°与225~315°的半阳坡以及135~225°的阳坡面上;景观格局指数也显示出聚落生态位分布随地形变化的梯度特征.由此可见,高程、坡度和坡向这三类地形因子对山地聚落生态位的大小、形状和空间分布起着重要的影响作用.

To understand the influence of terrain factors on the mountain settlement niches at country's scale,in this paper,by taking the poverty stricken ethnic mountainous region of the upper reaches of Min River as an example and using the Digital Elevation Model( DEM),remote sensing data and the geographic information system,we studied the spatial distribution characteristics of mountain settlement niches on different terrains. Simultaneously,the correlation between mountain settlement niches and the terrain environment was also qualitatively and quantitatively examined with the six landscape metrics. Our results show that the total area of mountain settlement niches takes only 3. 98 percent of the studied area,with the single niche is only 0. 61 square kilometers. There is a significant terrain gradient in spatial distribution of settlement niches,which mainly concentrate in the region of slop 15 ~35°,in the aspect of 45 ~ 135°and 225 ~ 315°,the semi-sunny slopes,and the aspect of 135 ~ 225°,sunny slops.There is also a significant terrain gradient in landscape pattern metrics of spatial distributions. Therefore,it becomes clear that terrain factors,including elevation,slope and aspect strongly influenced the spatial distribution of settlement niches in mountain areas.